Combining chemical and organic treatments enhance remediation performance and soil health in saline-sodic soils

Abstract We investigated the individual and synergistic impact of gypsum, elemental sulfur, vermicompost, biochar, microbial inoculation on soil health improvement in degrading calcareous saline-sodic soils. developed Linear nonlinear quantification frameworks to assess efficacy remedial practices. The combined inoculated chemical organic treatments; gypsum + vermicompost sulfur with 134% (0.29 versus 0.68) 116% 0.62) increases index, significantly increased amendments compared control. An increase overall index ranged between 12 134%. Microbial further enhanced treatments health. Soil properties included indexes explained 29 87% variance wheat growth. findings bring insight into cost-effective environmentally sustainable practices recover degraded Furthermore, introduced offer a quantitative evaluation remediation strategies.